Thursday, January 17, 2013

Where I Come From The Clinch Moutain In Southwest Virginia ( Moonshiner Country )

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Tales From The Moonshine Trade by Kathy Shearer

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"A farm don't make no money. Grow corn and get money in a jar." --Margie Hays Lawson, Brushy Ridge, Dickenson County, Virginia
MOONSHINE! Oral historian Kathy Shearer has gathered dozens of stories and pictures to shine a light on the secret activities of the men and women who ran wiskey in the secluded hollows of far Southwest Virginia.
These tales paint a colorful picture of life in the mountain counties during the early and mid-20th century. Their voices tell of hard work but also reveal family pride, ingenuity, humor, and sometimes, tragedy.
Follow us into the rhododendron thicket to see what's stirring, but be careful. You just might meet Washington County Deputy Sheriff James M. Stanfield standing watch over a copper stillpot and worm with his double-barrelled shotgun!


HEAT IS THE # 1 KILLER IN THE UNITED STATES

THIS POST IS SOMETHING THAT I HAVE DEALT WITH DAILY.  IN THE YEAR 2006, I WAS WORKING FOR A TRUCKING COMPANY AND WAS PUTTING A TARP ON AN OVERSIZE LOAD IN HOUSTON, TEXAS.  I HAD WORKED IN THE HEAT ALL MY LIFE, AND WAS USED TO IT...( SO I THOUGHT ) LONG STORY SHORT, I SUFFERED A NEAR DEATH HEAT STROKE AND SPENT 5 DAYS IN THE HOSPITAL BEFORE I WAS FINALLY ABLE TO GO TO THE RESTROOM.  THE DOCTOR SAID THAT IN ANOTHER 48 HOURS I WOULD HAVE TO BE ON DIALYSIS.  I WAS SCARED TO DEATH AND PRAYING TO GOD TO SPARE MY LIFE, AND THANKFULLY HE DID.  I KNOW THIS HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THIS MOONSHINE PAGE, BUT I WANT TO REMIND ANY OF MY FRIENDS THAT NO MATTER HOW YOUNG OR HOW OLD YOU ARE, BE CAREFUL WHEN YOU'RE OUT IN THE HEAT.  THE DATE I HAD MY HEAT STROKE WAS ON JULY 19TH 2006.  THAT'S A DAY I'LL NEVER FORGET.  IT NOT ONLY AFFECTED ME, BUT MY AWESOME WIFE HAS STUCK WITH ME EVER SINCE.  I AM NOW DISABLED AND IN THE SUMMER TIME, IF THE TEMPERATURES RISE ANYWHERE ABOVE 78 DEGREES, MY BODY FEELS LIKE IT'S GOING TO SHUTDOWN.  THE DOCTOR SAID IT WOULD BE LIKE THAT FOR THE REST OF MY LIFE DUE TO THE FACT THAT MY INTERNAL BODY TEMPERATURE REACHED 106 DEGREES AND DAMAGED WHAT IS CALLED A " HYPOTHALAMUS " WHICH CONTROLS BASICALLY EVERYTHING IN YOUR BODY FROM SHORT TERM MEMORY LOSS, TO NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS, ETC... JUST GOOGLE " HYPOTHALAMUS " AND THAT'S WHAT WAS DAMAGED.  I STILL TRY TO LOOK AT LIFE ON THE POSITIVE SIDE, BECAUSE I KNOW THERE'S STILL PEOPLE THAT ARE MUCH WORSE OFF THAN I AM, PLUS I WOKE UP TODAY.  I HOPE ALL OF YOU THAT TOOK THE TIME TO READ THIS BLOG WILL REMEMBER SOME OF THE THINGS TO DO, AND PLEASE ALWAYS REMEMBER, NOTHING IS WORTH LOSING YOUR HEALTH OVER. THANKS AND GOD BLESS EACH AND EVERY ONE OF YOU !

Heat is the number one weather-related killer in the United States, resulting in hundreds of
fatalities each year. In fact, on average, excessive heat claims more lives each year than floods, lightning, tornadoes and hurricanes combined. In the disastrous heat wave of 1980, more than 1,250 people died. In the heat wave of 1995 more than 700 deaths in the Chicago area were attributed to heat. In August 2003, a record heat wave in Europe claimed an estimated 50,000 lives.

North American summers are hot; most summers see heat waves in one or more parts of the United States. East of the Rockies, they tend to combine both high temperature and high humidity, although some of the worst heat waves have been catastrophically dry.
NOAA's Watch, Warning, and Advisory Products for Extreme Heat

Heat Index forecast map for the contiguous United StatesEach National Weather Service Forecast Office issues the following heat-related products as conditions warrant:

Excessive Heat Outlooks: are issued when the potential exists for an excessive heat event in the next 3-7 days. An Outlook provides information to those who need considerable lead time to prepare for the event, such as public utility staff, emergency managers and public health officials. See the mean heat index and probability forecasts maps.

Excessive Heat Watches: are issued when conditions are favorable for an excessive heat event in the next 24 to 72 hours. A Watch is used when the risk of a heat wave has increased but its occurrence and timing is still uncertain. A Watch provides enough lead time so that those who need to prepare can do so, such as cities officials who have excessive heat event mitigation plans.

Excessive Heat Warning/Advisories are issued when an excessive heat event is expected in the next 36 hours. These products are issued when an excessive heat event is occurring, is imminent, or has a very high probability of occuring. The warning is used for conditions posing a threat to life or property. An advisory is for less serious conditions that cause significant discomfort or inconvenience and, if caution is not taken, could lead to a threat to life and/or property.
How Forecasters Decide Whether to Issue Excessive Heat Products

NOAA's heat alert procedures are based mainly on Heat Index Values. The Heat Index, sometimes referred to as the apparent temperature is given in degrees Fahrenheit. The Heat Index is a measure of how hot it really feels when relative humidity is factored with the actual air temperature.

To find the Heat Index temperature, look at the Heat Index chart below. As an example, if the air temperature is 96°F and the relative humidity is 65%, the heat index--how hot it feels--is 121°F. The Weather Service will initiate alert procedures when the Heat Index is expected to exceed 105°-110°F (depending on local climate) for at least 2 consecutive days.Heat Index temperature chart

IMPORTANT: Since heat index values were devised for shady, light wind conditions, exposure to full sunshine can increase heat index values by up to 15°F. also, strong winds, particularly with very hot, dry air, can be extremely hazardous.

The Heat Index Chart shaded zone above 105°F shows a level that may cause increasingly severe heat disorders with continued exposure or physical activity.
The Hazards of Excessive Heat

When the body heats too quickly to cool itself safely, or when you lose too much fluid or salt through dehydration or sweating, your body temperature rises and heat-related illness may develop. Heat disorders share one common feature: the individual has been in the heat too long or exercised too much for his or her age and physical condition.

Studies indicate that, other things being equal, the severity of heat disorders tends to increase with age. Conditions that cause heat cramps in a 17-year-old may result in heat exhaustion in someone 40 years old, and in heat stroke in a person over 60. Sunburn, with its ultraviolet radiation burns, can significantly retard the skin's ability to shed excess heat. Acclimatization has to do with adjusting sweat-salt concentrations, among other things. The idea is to lose enough water to regulate body temperature, with the least possible chemical disturbance--salt depletion.
Children, Adults and Pets Enclosed in Parked Vehicles are at Great Risk

Each year, dozens of children left in parked vehicles die from hyperthermia. Hyperthermia is an acute condition that occurs when the body absorbs more heat than it can handle. Hyperthermia can occur even on a mild day. Studies have shown that the temperature inside a parked vehicle can rapidly rise to a dangerous level for children, pets and even adults.  Leaving the windows slightly open does not significantly decrease the heating rate. The effects can be more severe on children because their bodies warm at a faster rate than adults.
beat the heat, check the backseat, never leave a child in the car alone! 

Hyperthermia deaths aren't confined to summer months. They also happen during the spring and fall. Below are some examples.

    Honolulu, HI, March 07, 2007: A 3-year-old girl died when the father left her in a child seat for 1.5 hours while he visited friends in a Waikiki apartment building.  The outside temperature was only 81 degrees.
    North Augusta, SC, April 2006: A mother left her a 15-month-old son  in a car. He was in a car for 9 hours while his mom went to work. She is now serving a 20-year prison sentence.
    Denver, CO, August 2008: Two kids that died in an overheated car may have been on their own for more than 3 hours as their mother slept after working a night shift. The kids died in a closed but unlocked car. Investigators believe the temperature in the car may have reached 123°F.

Adults are in danger too. On July 12, 2001, a man died of heatstroke after falling asleep in his car with the windows rolled up in the parking lot of a supermarket in Hinds County, MS.
How Fast Can the Sun Heat a Car?

The atmosphere and the windows of a car are relatively transparent to the sun’s shortwave radiation and are warmed little. This shortwave energy, however, does heat objects it strikes. For example, a dark dashboard or seat can easily reach temperatures in the range of 180°F to more than 200°F. These objects, e.g., dashboard, steering wheel, childseat, heat the adjacent air by conduction and convection and give off longwave radiation (infrared), which efficiently warms the air trapped inside a vehicle.
Heat Safety

Child Safety Tips

    Make sure your child's safety seat and safety belt buckles aren't too hot before securing your child in a safety restraint system, especially when your car has been parked in the heat.
    Never leave your child unattended in a vehicle, even with the windows down.
    Teach children not to play in, on, or around cars.
    Always lock car doors and trunks--even at home--and keep keys out of children's reach.
    Always make sure all children have left the car when you reach your destination. Don't leave sleeping infants in the car ever!

Adult Heat Wave Safety Tips

    Slow down. Reduce, eliminate or reschedule strenuous activities until the Thermometer reads 110 degrees coolest time of the day. Children, seniors and anyone with health problems should stay in the coolest available place, not necessarily indoors.
    Dress for summer. Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing to reflect heat and sunlight.
    Put less fuel on your inner fires. Foods, like meat and other proteins that increase metabolic heat production also increase water loss.
    Drink plenty of water, non-alcoholic and decaffeinated fluids. Your body needs water to keep cool. Drink plenty of fluids even if you don't feel thirsty. Persons who have epilepsy or heart, kidney or liver disease, are on fluid restrictive diets or have a problem with fluid retention should consult a physician before increasing their consumption of fluids. Do not drink alcoholic beverages and limit caffeinated beverages.
    During excessive heat periods, spend more time in air-conditioned places. Air conditioning in homes and other buildings markedly reduces danger from the heat. If you cannot afford an air conditioner, go to a library, store or other location with air conditioning for part of the day.
    Don't get too much sun. Sunburn reduces your body's ability to dissipate heat.
    Do not take salt tablets unless specified by a physician.

Heat Disorder Symptoms

SUNBURN: Redness and pain. In severe cases swelling of skin, blisters, fever, headaches. First Aid: Ointments for mild cases if blisters appear and do not break. If Example of a woman with severe sunburn on her back and armsbreaking occurs, apply dry sterile dressing. Serious, extensive cases should be seen by physician.

HEAT CRAMPS: Painful spasms usually in the muscles of legs and abdomen with heavy sweating. First Aid: Firm pressure on cramping muscles or gentle massage to relieve spasm. Give sips of water. If nausea occurs, discontinue water.

HEAT EXHAUSTION: Heavy sweating; weakness; cold, pale, clammy skin; thready pulse; fainting and vomiting but may have normal temperature. First Aid: Get victim out of sun. Once inside, the person should lay down and loosen his or her clothing. Apply cool, wet cloths. Fan or move victim to air conditioned room. Offer sips of water. If nausea occurs, discontinue water. If vomiting continues, seek immediate medical attention.

HEAT STROKE (or sunstroke): High body temperature (106° F or higher), hot dry skin, rapid and strong pulse, possible unconsciousness. First Aid: HEAT STROKE IS A SEVERE MEDICAL EMERGENCY. SUMMON EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE OR GET THE VICTIM TO A HOSPITAL IMMEDIATELY. DELAY CAN BE FATAL. While waiting for emergency assistance, move the victim to a cooler environment reduce body temperature with cold bath or sponging. Use extreme caution. Remove clothing, use fans and air conditioners. If temperature rises again, repeat process. Do NOT give fluids. Persons on salt restrictive diets should consult a physician before increasing their salt intake.

For more information contact your local American Red Cross Chapter. Ask to enroll in a first aid course.
Community Guidance: Preparing for and Responding to Excessive Heat Events

The Excessive Heat Events Guidebook was developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2006, in collaboration with the National Weather Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Department of Homeland Security. This guidebook provides best practices for saving lives during heat waves in urban areas, and provides a menu of options that communities can use in developing their own mitigation plans. Beat the Heat is also available in Spanish.

This page was produced as a cooperative effort of the National Weather Service, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the American Red Cross.

The Two Dollar Crockpot Still

 One ingenious type of stills included in this book, along with seven others is the Two-Dollar "Crock Pot" still. This still consists of parts readily available from your local stores and some that are probably in your kitchen. While this moonshine still won't put you in competition with commercial whiskey producer, you could reasonably expect to run off about a quart a session. Those with an inclination toward distilling will readily see how this one works. It is illegal to make your own whiskey in the US, or to possess a still without a permit. This is because Uncle Sam derives much money from taxing whiskey producers.
It is not illegal to know how to make whiskey and some countries do allow their citizens to make their own. A lot of Americans have made their own however, not only old time moonshiners and bootleggers, but their modern day counterparts who worked in Mid Eastern oil fields and actually printed underground manuals on how to do it.
In a meld of old and new, you'll learn how a variety of ingenious stills were built, operated and  recipes for everything for traditional corn "likker," to bathtub gin. (2 lbs. sugar per gallon of water, bakers yeast and a couple of juniper berries.) You'll also learn the hazards of distilling, to include poisoning, fires, scalding, explosions and jail.

Don't try this at home kids!





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Wednesday, January 16, 2013

Moonshining Is A Serious Business


Moonshining is a serious business that can make some serious money. However, big operation are also highly illegal, and it can mean jail time for anyone that's caught involved in the making of it.

The show "Moonshiners" is a suspenseful look into the world of illegal distillation. Times have not changed in rural Southwest Virginia where moonshiners talk with a southern drawl about the business that has been a part of their heritage for decades. The show takes place at the end of Fall- the end of the moonshining season for many. This is because the leaves will soon fall and the camouflage of the stills will be gone. Also, it can take up to a month for just one pot of mash to ferment due to low temperatures. If the yeast drops below a certain temperature, it will be become inactive, and the only way to avoid that is to keep an active flame going around the clock to heat the pot. Thus, it is very important for the moonshiners to be done with their distilling before the winter begins.

However, the moonshiners are shown side by side with a parallel story: the ABC (Alcohol Beverage Control) of Virginia. The ABC is working to shut down any outfits of stills that may be in production.

The opening scenes show moonshiners JT, Tim, and Tickle trying to expand Tim's distillation site. Tim is trying to make enough money in a week to pay for a $200,000 bond that could make him legitimate. His son is helping him, and that is one of the main reasons he does not want to be an illegal moonshiner for another season. Thus, if he can expand his business, then he can get a large amount of that money in under a week's time.

They are building a shed for another pot when Tickle falls off the roof. Tickle tries to look all right, but he is clearly in pain. At home, Tickle explains in a drunken haze that he bandaged up his broken ribs himself and that Moonshine is his medicine of choice. This is just the first of many great one liners from a man who loves his poison.

Meanwhile, ABC agent, Jesse, is on the lookout for a distilling location that may be in plain sight. He has heard word from solid resources and an undercover agent that there is one in the area.

The show then explains a little more about the history of distilling moonshine. At one time, moonshiners explain that this was a cash crop and not illegal. However, the Prohibition changed everything and forced moonshiners to go underground. Ever since then, it has become a lucrative and dangerous business for anyone involved.

Each moonshining operation has a special pot. Each pot indicates where the moonshine is from. For example, Tim's outfit has a submarine pot that is common for this area of Virginia. In Kentucky and Tennessee, they use pots that look more like turnips. Moonshiners in the Ozarks have their own style, and so on.

Meanwhile, the ABC agent is hot on the trail of a bootlegger. Jesse and fellow agents Tanya and Jim explore the areas around one supposed hot spot. As they climb a steep hill to get closer, they realize there are people in the area. Unable to get any closer without being detected, they decide to return at night in order to catch people in the process of actually making and distilling the moonshine.

Back in Tim's storyline, he is struggling to get everything up and running. Due to Tickle's accident, he is unable to help. Tim therefore seeks the help of a good friend named Bill.

Meanwhile, another moonshiner is shown pouring out the last of his batch. Popcorn is a moonshiner who has been in this business for years. He is getting out of the game though, and this will be his last season. He says he "hates to pour this good stuff out, but the animals get to drink it now" as he pours the bucket of moonshine into the forest. He then gathers up his mason jars of moonshine, and walks off into the distance.

Back at Tim's operation, the moonshiners continue to finish the distillation process. They work day and night to finish the job. Tickle shouts at one point: "Look at those two beautiful pots! The moon's shining... the moon's shinning on the moonshing! Beautiful!" A deep insight from a man not in complete control of his slurred speech.

Despite their setbacks, the moonshine operation is almost complete. Tim sends Bill and Tickle out to get the last and most important part of the process: the worm. The worm is what condenses the mash and turns it into moonshine. One moonshiner explains that if you want to make moonshine, you need this large metal coil in order to do it properly. If not, then you will not be able to make it. In fact, whenever the ABC bust up an operation, they will always take the coil to keep others from using it in the future.

On the way back to the location of the still, Tickle sits in the back of a pickup truck with the box and coil. However, as the truck rounds a corner, the box slips out onto the road. The coil is now seen in broad daylight! Tim and Bill hurry to place it back into the truck as fast as they can. Unfortunately, the coil's box is broken, and the team must build a new one.

Once a new one is made, the team fire up the burner and begin the stilling process. Somebody will need to be on watch 24/7 in order to keep the process active. The show closes with the moonshiners beginning the process and the ABC agents closing in on someone else.
— with Mikie Cleek, Jeff Culbertson, David Michael and 40 others in Maggie Valley, NC.